Akita Tetsuo: Nihon Hanamachi Shi (History of Geisha Communities in Japan)
   秋田鉄男：日本花街史（ 雄山閣出版）１９９０
 
Asahara Sumi: O-zashiki Asobi (Having Fun at a Geisha Party)
   浅原須美：お座敷遊び (光文社新書) (新書)２００３
 
Asahara Sumi: Tokyo Rokkagai (The Six Geisha Communities of Tokyo)
   浅原須美： 東京六花街　（ダイヤモンド社）２００７
 
Peabody Essex Museum: Geisha: Beyond the Painted Smile. 2004
 
Iwasaki Mineko: Geiko Mineko no Hana Ikusa (in English as “Geisha - A Life”)
   岩崎峰子：芸妓峰子の花いくさ (講談社プラスアルファ文庫)２００１
 
Iwashita Hisafumi: Geisharon (Discourse on Geisha)
   岩下尚史： 芸者論 （雄山閣） 2006
 
Kamishichiken Ichimame: Maiko no Osahô (The Etiquette of Being a Maiko)
   上七軒市豆：舞妓のお作法（大和書房）２００７
 
Komomo: A Geisha's Journey, My Life as a Kyoto Apprentice. Photographs by Naoki Ogino.
    Kodansha International, 2008
 
Masuda Sayo, trans. Gaye Rowley: Autobiography of a Geisha. Columbia University Press. 2003
 
Mizobuchi Hiroshi: Hannari to—Kyô Maiko no Shiki (Bright and Elegant, Kyoto’s Maiko through    the Seasons)
   溝縁ひろし：はんなりと—京舞妓の四季（京都新聞出版センター）２００４
 
Nagai Kafu trans. Stephen Snyder: Rivalry; a Geisha’s Tale (Japanese Studies Series).
   Columbia University Press. 2007
 
Nishio Kumiko: Kyoto Hanamachi no Eigyôgaku (The Business of the Kyoto Geisha Communities)
   西尾久美子：京都花街の営業学（東洋経済新報社）２００７
 
Sohara Kyôko: Kyoto Maiko to Geiko no Okuzashiki (The Innermost Lives of Kyoto’s Maiko and Geiko)
   祖原恭子：京都 舞妓と芸妓の奥座敷 (文春新書) ２００１
 
Sohara Kyôko: Kyoto Hanamachi Motenashi no Gijutsu (The Skill and Arts of the Kyoto Geisha Communities)
   祖原恭子： 京都花街 もてなしの技術 (小学館)２００５
 
Sugita Hiroaki: Kyô no Hanamachi Gion (Kyoto’s Geisha Community Gion)
   杉田博明：京の花街 祇園 (浅交社)　２００３
 
selected bibliography of recent books on geisha